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Contouring relates to the
direction of the tillage (ridges and furrows) with respect to the land slope.
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Traveling around the slope
such that the ridges are on the contour can significantly reduce soil loss
for moderate slopes.
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Cross slope farming is going
at an angle to the direction of the land slope that is between being on the
contour and up and down hill.
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Cross slope farming reduces
soil loss some but not nearly as much as contouring.
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Strips and barriers slows
runoff, reduce its transport capacity, and produce deposition.
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Strips/barriers spread the
runoff, reducing its erosivity.
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Many type strips/barriers
are used depending on land use.
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Terraces/diversions are
ridges-channels placed on the hillslope to intercept runoff.
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In effect,
terraces/diversions shorten slope length.
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Terraces are channels on
such flat grades that deposition occurs in them because transport capacity is
less than incoming sediment load, provided the grade of the terrace channel
is sufficient flat.
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Diversions are design with a
grade sufficiently steep that deposition doesn’t occur and with a grade
sufficiently flat that erosion doesn’t occur.
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Impoundments trap and retain
runoff, giving sediment time to settle and be deposited.
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Discharge for small basins
can be discharged to an underground tile line thus eliminating concentrated
flow at that point.
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Storage of runoff in
impoundments reduce flow rate, and thus reduce concentrated flow erosion.
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