Random roughness values range from 0 inches to about 3 inches, which represents a very rough surface.
Random roughness can be estimated by measuring the height from the bottom of the depressions to the top of the soil peaks.
Random roughness can be estimated by comparing the roughness of the given surface to photographs of surfaces having a known roughness value.  See AH703
Random roughness can be measured by measuring micro-elevations with pins or with a laser.
Roughness at the time of creation is function of implement, tillage intensity, soil texture, and soil biomass.
Some implements create a rougher surface (moldboard plow versus a rototiller)
Tillage intensity refers to the extent that the roughness following an implement is related to the roughness at the time of tillage.  A spike tooth harrow has a reduced tillage intensity (0.4) because it does not eliminate much roughness following a moldboard plow. A moldboard plow has a tillage intensity of 1 because it erases any sign of roughness existing at the time of tillage.
Soils high in clay produce increased random roughness, medium textured soils produce moderate roughness, and soils high in sand produced reduced roughness.
Increased roughness is computed for soils high in soil biomass, partly because of improved aggregation and stability.  Values derived empirically from erosion data in AH537.